Fred-Rik

I know you have written other articles along this vein. Yet you still seem to be the only person who knows something about this.

In Canada, municipal governence exists only by the whim of a provincial government. If the province of Ontario wants to fire the elected mayor and counselors of Toronto and put Al Dictator from Kenora in charge of this big city, the province can do that. It is only by traditions and voting backlash at the next provincial election. that the provinces don't do this.

Municipal governance is Canada is non-partisan. The elected counselors do not run with their name beside a party name on their ballot. Municipal issues usually require different alliances on different issues. I bring this point up because it is possible to get things done without polital parties.

I believe most American municipalities are also conducted without any party affiliation.

The founding fathers designed their system with no political parties in mind. When the parties became firmly established by 1820, much of the brilliance of their constitutional deliberations was lost.