I always thought that “left” and “right” are poor terms to explain the political spectrum. While this article may be more realistic, it is very heavy. I would need to read it several times and engage in lots of discussion to fully understand it. I have to wonder whether the average citizen (who is not so politically astute) and media would ever relate to this article and its paradigms. So I have to question this article’s practical use.

I have developed this spectrum:

1. There are situations where the state should leave individuals to their own choices and live with their consequences.
2. There are situations where the state needs to take collective action to better society.
3. The balance between 1 & 2 shall be through a democratic process.
4. After a decision is made, the state needs to monitor the outcome and make changes if needed.

I think this “spectrum” is more plateable to the public.