My anecdotal observation is that, in terms of jobs per $ of capital investment, the petroleum industry really does not employ that many people. Chasing after petro-jobs is a bit of a moot point, politically speaking. Rather the governments are more looking at the $$ coming into the coffers as direct royalties. The jobs are a smoke screen.

I would be careful with claims that the petroleum industry is subsidized. My experience is that it is mostly free-enterprise. But anti petroleum advocates like to paint the difference between royalty rates of oil producing jurisdictions as a subsidy.

Of course, there are the externalities where the true costs are passed to someone else. But all industries and citizens have incurred their own externalities.