You have well covered many of the angles of this contentious issue.
In the short term, we have to let the free market make the decision. But I just don't see business being able to offer every worker a living wage, especially for jobs that have traditionally gone to workers of a supplementary household income.
And as your article suggests, a $10 latte just might find fewer buyers--and coffee shops would close down. That's according to Economics 101. But sometimes the supply/demand curves don't work that way.
In the longer term, a UBI or partial UBI would provide a basic income for these workers. The businesses still get to keep going, competing with their competitors. Customers are making free market decisions.